Use Of Psychology And Counseling Centre - 1467 Words

Experiment 1: Generation Effect Aarti N. Shah Roll Number: 21 MA-I University of Mumbai Department of Applied Psychology and Counseling Centre Abstract The generation effect refers to the experimental findings that when the subject is asked to generate all/part of the stimulus the item is always remembered better than the stimulus that the subject only read (Slamecka Graf). That is the information that the subject generates/creates by oneself is remembered better compared to the information they only read. Results show that in all the cases, the performance in generation condition was superior to that in read condition. Using a repeated measures design, subjects were exposed to 2 levels (conditions, namely, read condition and generate condition). After each condition, they were engaged in a simple recall task, remembering as many words as they could. This phenomenon is applied even across variations in encoding rules, timed or self-placed presentation and along with between and within subjects design. A number of potential explanatory principles are considered and their difficulties are enumerated in the following report. To conclu de, generation effect is a robust finding. Keywords: Generate Condition. Recall, Memory, Paired associate. Introduction The given report is an empirically based report. Generation effect is a phenomenon where information is better remembered if it is generated from one’s own mind than it is simply read. This includesShow MoreRelatedAnna Freud. Bio Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthe formal discipline of psychology have primarily been dominated by male visionaries, but many notable women pioneered a role in the history of psychology between 1850 and 1950. Sigmund Freud was not the only Freudian to establish credibility in the field of psychology, as his youngest daughter Anna Freud pursued a career in psychology and made significant historic contributions. Anna’s background, theoretical perspective, and contributions to the field of psychology will be discussed. On DecemberRead MoreCriminal Psychology : A Glimpse Into The Mind Of A Criminal1523 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Psychology: A Glimpse into the Mind of a Criminal Are you interested in solving crimes, wanting to be part of the community, and help bring justice to families? Are TV shows like CSI and Criminal Minds intriguing to you? There’s a job that could suit your interests without all the blood and gore. Criminal/forensic psychology is a career for people interested in solving crimes and working to help people in the community. A forensic psychologist has many tasks that they might be involvedRead MoreContrasting Psycodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral and Person-Centered Counseling Theories1732 Words   |  7 PagesCounseling is a process that enables a person to sort out issues and reach decisions affecting their life. Often counseling is sought out at times of change or crisis, it need not be so, however, as counseling can also help us at any time of our life† (Woods, 2005). Counseling theories are used by counselors as part of their treatment plan for clients. There are many types of theories that counselors can choose from. These theories are usually hosen based on the client needs and what the counselorRead MoreOverview Of Professional Experience And Plans Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesProfessional Experience and Plans I first became interested in psychology while enrolled in a grade eleven introductory course. Learning the basics about human behaviour and mental processes fascinated me, and from there I began to explore the ways in which psychology could become a lifelong career. Fast-forward seven years and I have witnessed this passion flourish through the completion of my Bachelor of Arts Honours degree in Psychology and my Developmental Services Worker Diploma. In addition toRead MoreIntegration of Narrative Therapy Hristian Counselling3207 Words   |  13 PagesLength: 2,515 words The purpose of this essay is to discuss the positive and negative use of integration within Counselling. Much has been said about the integration of therapies and Christian values. The practice of secular psychotherapies has brought much conflict; many Christian counsellors have taken a different stance regarding the integration of psychology and religion. Some have embraced integration wholeheartedly whilst others reject it just as vigorously and many others fall somewhere betweenRead MoreA Sample Group Counseling Project Proposal4294 Words   |  18 PagesA group Counseling Project Proposal - sample INTRODUCTION What is Group Counseling? Purpose of the group counseling varies from group to group. It can be therapeutic, educational, or helping people to make fundamental changes in their way of thinking, feeling and behaving (Corey, 2004, p. 7). Group counseling/therapy has the advantage of being more effective than individual therapy because, it more closely stimulates social interactions and interpersonal communication patterns than does individualRead MoreEssay on Psychological Perspectives M21316 Words   |  6 Pagesand bodily process, such as imbalances in certain neurotransmitters or malfunctions in certain areas of the brain. Biology treatment is used everywhere as medicine. There is proof that it has been successful for many mental disorders. People who use the humanistic approach believe that individuals make have their own choices freely about their behavior. Therapy for this approach concentrates on people as individuals, that we all have unique abilities and talents. The approach believes that if peopleRead MoreHiv/Aids Stigma and Discrimination1338 Words   |  6 PagesCepeda Social Psychology HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination Strayer University November 19, 2011 Internationally, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, triggered at least in part by growing recognition that negative social responses to the epidemic remain pervasive even in seriously affected communities. Yet, rarely are existing notions of stigma and discrimination interrogated for their conceptual adequacy and their usefulness inRead MorePsychiatric Genetics : Psychology And Behavioral Neuroscience Essay2208 Words   |  9 Pages Psychiatric Genetic Studies: Correlations, Ethics, and Counseling. Introduction Psychiatric genetics is a subtopic of behavioral genetics, evolutionary psychology and behavioral neuroscience. The research began with evolutionary psychology, the field of psychology that studies how much human thought and behavior is determined by genetics. Evolutionary psychology was then narrowed down to behavioral genetics, which focused directly on how much of behavior is determined by genetics or the environmentRead MoreNon-Suicidal Self-Injury among Female Adolescents Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral useful tools to use with clients struggling with issues related to self-harm. However, most of these tools have little evidence to support their effectiveness in reducing self-harming more than standard therapeutic approaches (Wilkinson, 2013). Based on the literature, it seems the best treatment approach would be a combination of effective engagement and empowerment tools, an adequate and nonjudgmental understanding of the behaviors, family support and involvement, and the use of Mentalization-Based

Current Status Of Malaria Vaccinology (2087 words) Essay Example For Students

Current Status Of Malaria Vaccinology (2087 words) Essay Current Status of Malaria VaccinologyannonIn order to assess the current status of malaria vaccinology one mustfirst take an overview of the whole of the whole disease. One mustunderstand the disease and its enormity on a global basis. Malaria is a protozoan disease of which over 150 million cases arereported per annum. In tropical Africa alone more than 1 millionchildren under the age of fourteen die each year from Malaria. Fromthese figures it is easy to see that eradication of this disease is ofthe utmost importance. The disease is caused by one of four species of Plasmodium These fourare P. falciparium, P .malariae, P .vivax and P .ovale. Malaria does notonly effect humans, but can also infect a variety of hosts ranging fromreptiles to monkeys. It is therefore necessary to look at all theaspects in order to assess the possibility of a vaccine. The disease has a long and complex life cycle which creates problems forimmunologists. The vector for Malaria is the Anophels Mosquito in whichthe life cycle of Malaria both begins and ends. The parasitic protozoanenters the bloodstream via the bite of an infected female mosquito. During her feeding she transmits a small amount of anticoagulant andhaploid sporozoites along with saliva. The sporozoites head directly forthe hepatic cells of the liver where they multiply by asexual fission toproduce merozoites. These merozoites can now travel one of two paths. They can go to infect more hepatic liver cells or they can attach to andpenetrate erytherocytes. When inside the erythrocytes the plasmodiumenlarges into uninucleated cells called trophozites The nucleus of thisnewly formed cell then divides asexually to produce a schizont, whichhas 6-24 nuclei. Now the multinucleated schizont then divides to produce mononucleatedmerozoites . Eventually the erythrocytes reaches lysis and as result themerozoites enter the bloodstream and infect more erythrocytes. Thiscycle repeats itself every 48-72 hours (depending on the species ofplasmodium involved in the original infection) The sudden release ofmerozoites toxins and erythrocytes debris is what causes the fever andchills associated with Malaria. Of course the disease must be able to transmit itself for survival. Thisis done at the erythrocytic stage of the life cycle. Occasionallymerozoites differentiate into macrogametocytes and microgametocytes. This process does not cause lysis and there fore the erythrocyte remainsstable and when the infected host is bitten by a mosquito thegametocytes can enter its digestive system where they mature in tosporozoites, thus the life cycle of the plasmodium is begun againwaiting to infect its next host. At present people infected with Malaria are treated with drugs such asChloroquine, Amodiaquine or Mefloquine. These drugs are effective ateradicating the exoethrocytic stages but resistance to them is becomingincreasing common. Therefore a vaccine looks like the only viableoption. The wiping out of the vector i.e. Anophels mosquito would also prove asan effective way of stopping disease transmission but the mosquito arealso becoming resistant to insecticides and so again we must look to avaccine as a solutionHaving read certain attempts at creating a malaria vaccine severalpoints become clear. The first is that is the theory of Malariavaccinology a viable concept? I found the answer to this in an articlepublished in Nature from July 1994 by Christopher Dye and GeoffreyTargett. They used the MMR (Measles Mumps and Rubella) vaccine as anexample to which they could compare a possible Malaria vaccine Theirarticle said that simple epidemiological theory states that thecritical fraction (p) of all people to be immunised with a combinedvaccine (MMR) to ensure eradication of all three pathogens is determinedby the infection that spreads most quickly through the population; thatis by the age of one with the largest basic case reproduction number Ro. In case the of MMR this is measles with Ro of around 15 which impliesthat p 1-1/Ro ? 0.93 Gupta et al points out that if a populationof malaria parasite consists of a collection of pathogens or strainsthat have the same properties as common childhood viruses, the vaccinecoverage would be determined by the strain with the largest Ro ratherthan the Ro of the whole parasite population. While estimates of thelatter have been as high as 100, the former could be much lower. Chinua Achebe Heart Of Darkness EssaySecondary analyses revealed that CS antibody levels were lower invaccinee malaria cases than in non-cases, 3 and 5 months after the thirddose of vaccine. Because antibody levels had fallen substantially beforepeak malaria transmission occurred, the question of whether or not highlevels of CS antibody are protective still remains to be seen. So at theend we are once again left without conclusive evidence, but are now evencloser to creating the sought after malaria vaccine. Finally we reach the last and by far the most promising, prevalent andcontroversial candidate vaccine. This I found continually mentionedthroughout several scientific magazines. Science (Jan 95) andVaccine (95) were two which had no bias reviews and so the followinginformation is taken from these. The vaccine to which I am referring tois the SPf66 vaccine. This vaccine has caused much controversy andraised certain dilemmas. It was invented by a Colombian physician andchemist called Manual Elkin Patarroyo and it is the first of its kind. His vaccine could prove to be one the few effective weapons againstmalaria, but has run into a lot of criticism and has split the malariaresearch community. Some see it as an effective vaccine that has provenitself in various tests whereas others view as of marginal significanceand say more study needs to be done before a decision can be reached onits widespread use. Recent trials have shown some promise. One trial carried by Patarroyoand his group in Columbia during 1990 and 1991 showed that the vaccinecut malaria episodes by over 39 % and first episodes by 34%. Anothertrail which was completed in 1994 on Tanzanian children showed that itcut the incidence of first episodes by 31%. It is these results thathave caused the rift within research areas. Over the past 20 years, vaccine researchers have concentrated mainly onthe early stages of the parasite after it enters the body in an attemptto block infection at the outset (as mentioned earlier). Patarroyohowever, took a more complex approach. He spent his time designing avaccine against the more complex blood stage of the parasite stoppingthe disease not the infection. His decision to try and create syntheticpeptides raised much interest. At the time peptides were thought capableof stimulating only one part of the immune system; the antibodyproducing B cells whereas the prevailing wisdom required T cells as wellin order to achieve protective immunity. Sceptics also pounced on the elaborate and painstaking process ofelimination Patarroyo used to find the right peptides. He took 22immunologically interesting proteins from the malaria parrasite, whichhe identified using antibodies from people immune to malaria, andinjected these antigens into monkeys and eventually found four thatprovided some immunity to malaria. He then sequenced these four antigensand reconstructed dozens of short fragments of them. Again using monkeys(more than a thousand) he tested these peptides individually and incombination until he hit on what he considered to be the jackpotvaccine. But the WHO a 31% rate to be in the grey area and so there isstill no decision on its use. In conclusion it is obvious that malaria is proving a difficult diseaseto establish an effective and cheap vaccine for in that some tests andinconclusive and others while they seem to work do not reach a highenough standard. But having said that I hope that a viable vaccine willpresent itself in the near future (with a little help from thescientific world of course).

Essay Samples Book - How to Find the Right Book For Your Essay

Essay Samples Book - How to Find the Right Book For Your EssayFinding the perfect essay samples book for college is the first step to writing your own essay. There are many ways to approach this, so which ones will be best?Many people who are entering college often don't have a clue about what the right essay samples book should contain. They may end up with something they don't understand, or something that they do not feel confident with. This is a very common problem.If you want to avoid the pitfalls of using essay sample's books, it is important to choose the right one. I recommend using a book with essays written by professionals. You will not get better results by reading an essay that someone else has written. You can ask the person you're working with for sample essays.These experts already have a thorough understanding of how an essay is constructed and how to structure an entire research process. The right book will show you how to make your research process smooth and easy .Every essay is different from each other, so the research you need to do to produce an effective essay is totally different from one to another. This is why an expert, such as a professor, will use an expert guide.As far as the subject matter goes, you also need to consider the relevance of your essay in relation to the general theme of the text. This is another aspect that an expert can help you decide on.It is often the case that if your main point is wrong, you will fail. This is something you must take into consideration when choosing your essay.It is very important to ensure that the essay samples book you choose is written by an expert. Even if you are on a limited budget, it is not a good idea to settle for a book that is meant for college students. Take the time to find the right one.

Tips to Help You With Your Research Paper

Tips to Help You With Your Research PaperIf you are struggling with your research paper and have never used this option before, you may want to take a look at these tips. There are people who can actually help you with the tasks that need to be done in order to complete your research project. They can even help you with what to read on the internet so that you will be able to see more information than what you are doing now.One good suggestion that you may want to do is to try and find someone who already has a publication or an article that is related to your topic. This can give you a lot of information and you won't have to research it yourself. This would be a great idea if you want to write a research paper that you can actually get approved in college. The best thing about this method is that you will have some helpful people around you who will help you with all of the research that you need to do.You might also want to check out the Internet for other tips that you will need to complete your research papers. For example, you might want to visit sites that can give you tips on how to improve your writing skills. Most likely, this will help you come up with better sentences that you can use.In addition, it might be a good idea to visit forums. These can give you information on topics that can actually give you more help with your research papers. You may find that you have some solutions for problems that you might be having with your research paper. These tips can actually give you the information that you need.Writing and rewriting are also things that you will need to do. As such, it is a good idea to use some editing software when you are writing your paper. Many times, editors can help you with these tasks and help you revise your work. This can actually help you make your paper much better than what you are doing now.There are many people who can help you with your research paper. It is actually a good idea to consider them as a resource because the y can actually be good friends. If you can get them to help you with your writing, you can actually be even better off.There are things that you can do to help you with your research paper. You just need to think about all of the options and find the help that you need. Take some time to research different options and you will be able to decide on what type of paper that you will write.

The Insider Secret on Test Magic Essay Samples Discovered

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Sustainable Agriculture Essay Topics For Students

Sustainable Agriculture Essay Topics For StudentsLooking for great essay topics is easy if you know what you are looking for. Sustainable agriculture essay topics are simple and straightforward, and they can make your learning experience far more rewarding.If you are in school, you already know that your essay topic is the single most important part of your project. You may not realize just how important, but you do need to think about this every time you decide on a topic.This will be easy if you find something related to your field of study. If you are planning to major in organic agriculture, consider choosing the word 'sustainable' as one of your topic areas. You could also mention the concept of 'integrated farming.'Organic farming integrates so many different things into a small space and means that the soil will grow better for the following year than the one before. You can even discuss the fact that you care about the environment in general and want to see a better future fo r future generations.If you are already in college, then you should be even more excited about your sustainable agriculture essay topics. Since you have a certain area of interest that you are good at, then you can use it to help you succeed in class. You can even talk about the great things you did when you were younger to improve your own academic success.Sustainable agriculture essay topics will not only be interesting to read, but they will also be beneficial in the classroom. It will help you in the discussion sections by answering questions that other students have. And if you are a student who always tries to read more than she or he does, this will give you a chance to show others what you know.These are just a few ideas of what to expect from sustainable agriculture essay topics. Make sure that you find out about the different writing tips that are available to you. Your potential will definitely shine through, and this can help you in your professional life as well.

Un-Answered Problems With Chspe Essay Questions Samples Revealed

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